Removal of stains from polymeric materials, particularly vinyl plastics



United States Patent C) 3,296,144 REMOVAL OF STAINS FROM POLYMERIC MA- TERIALS, PARTICULARLY VINYL PLASTIQS Roy A. White, Somers, Conn, assignor to Kimball Systems, Inc, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Dec. 18. 1963, Ser. No. 331,376 16 Claims. (Cl. 2529l) This invention relates to the removal of stains and is especially concerned with the removal of subsurface stains from polymeric materials, particularly vinyl plastics.

Most superficial stains can be removed by dissolving, emulsifying, or oxidizing the material causing the stain. Conventional stain removers are not suitable for polymeric plastics such as vinyl plastics, however, because in most cases the material causing the stain dissolves in the polymer and/or in the plasticizer and migrates into the interior of the plastic where it is not afiected by conventional surface stain removers.

The principal object of this invention is to provide for effective removal of stains from polymeric materials, for instance in the form of textiles and substrates including plastic sheet materials and foams. It-is another object of this invention to provide a stain remover which is effective to remove most commonplace household stains from polymeric material Without adversely affecting the material.

The above and other objects and advantages of this invention will be more readily apparent from the following description.

In accordance with this invention it has been found that the borane derivatives are highly effective for removing, from polymeric material, stains caused by inks, lipsticks, various foods, beverages, cigarettes and other materials commonly the cause of stains on furniture, clothing, flooring, etc.

In its broadest aspects, the present invention is based upon the utilization, for the removal of, or the lightening of, stains from polymeric materials by the application to the stain of a borane compound. As used in the specification and claims, unless otherwise specifically defined, the term borane is employed generically to encompass amine boranes (containing the borane group EH and alkali metal and quaternary ammonium borohydrides (containing the borohydride group EH Where reference is made to the removal of stains, it will be understood to encompass complete or partial removal of the stains (partial removal meaning a lightening of the color of the stain) unless the context specifically indicates otherwise.

The boranes may be represented by the following general formulae:

( R N:BH

where R N is a primary, secondary or tertiary amine;

(II) MBH.

where M is an alkali metal, such as sodium, potassium or lithium, or M can be a quaternary ammonium radical illustrated by the formula where R R R and R are the same or different hydro carbon radicals, particularly lower molecular weight alkyl radicals such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, although other hydrocarbon radicals such as benzyl, cyclohexyl, nonyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl and octadecyl can be present.

i ice where RNI-l is a primary amine.

Illustrative examples of such amine boranes are mono- R N:BH (tertiary amine boranes) R NH:BH (secondary amine boranes) RNH :BH (primary amine boranes) ethyl amine borane, dimethyl amine borane, trimethyl amine borane, monoethyl amine borane, diethyl amine borane, t-riethylamine borane, mono-, diand tri-propyl amine boranes, mono-, diand tri-isopropyl amine boranes, mono-, diand tri-butyl amine boranes, mono-, diand tri-isobutyl amine boranes, monoethanolamine borane, diethanolamine borane, ethylenediamine borane, benzyl amine borane, dodecyl amine borane, morpholine borane, cyclohexyl amine borane, and the like. In the particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention, the pyridine boranes are utilized. Such pyridine boranes comprise pyridine borane itself, or the pyridine ring may be substituted with hydrocarbon radicals, particularly lower molecular weight alkyl radicals. Such pyridine boranes can be represented by the general formula \nnnz where R, and R are hydrocarbon radicals, notably alkyl radicals and particularly lower alkyl radicals such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and isobutyl, and v and w are each zero or 1. Among the substituted pyridine boranes are methyl pyridine borane, dimethyl py-ridine borane, ethyl pyridine borane, diethyl pyridine borane; propyl-, isopropyl-and butyl-pyridine boranes; and dipropyl-, di-isopropyland dibutyl pyridine boranes. In place of the pyridine boranes, boranes of other heterocyclic amines and aromatic amines can be used such as boranes of quinaldine, piperidine, methyl piperidine, pyrrolidine, aniline, and benzyl amine. However, the particularly preferred amine boranes are, generally speaking, pyridine borane, dimethylamine borane, and the butylamine boranes.

Among those boranes which fall within Formula II above, sodium borohydride, tetramethyl ammonium borohydride, tetraethyl ammonium borohydride, tetra-isopropyl ammonium borohydride, and benzyl t-rimethyl ammonium borohydride are illustrative examples.

For use in the practice of the present invention, the boranes should preferably be in liquid form or dissolved in a suitable solvent system and should be soluble in the polymer and/or in plasticizers, for instance, diocty'l phthalate, of the polymeric material for which they are to be used to remove stains. This solubility characteristic of the boranes selected permits the boranes to migrate into the body of the plastic to combine and/ or react with the staining material.

Superficial stains are removed by dissolving, emulsifying or oxidizing the staining material so that it can be washed or wiped from the surface of the material stained. A completely different approach, however, is needed to remove stains which have migrated into the plastic. Since stains in plastics such as vinyl polymers result from dissolution of the staining matter in the polymer and/or the liquid plasticizer, the stain removers, to function effectively, should possess the property of reasonable 4 Example A rigid polyvinyl chloride sheet was soaked in pure pyridine borane for 7 hours at room temperature .followed by a 3-hour immersion at 100 degrees C. On

solubility in the polymer and/ or the plasticizer and comremoval, the ,vinyl sheet was ft d i having been Petibiiity With the Polymer and plasticizer' A further plasticized solely by pyridine borane. The limp, boranerequ sit Of Stein remover from Polymeric materials plasticized sheet was then pressed against a standard is a chemical affinity or reactivity with the staining mavinyl sheet as disclosed in Pal-t (a) of Example 2, but. terial and preferably with a number of the most comdeeply stained by Spaghetti Sauce; h Stain was removed monplace stains. Moreover, in its particularly preferred 1O Completely Without injurying thg vinyl sheet embodiments, the resulting product must be colorless. It has been found that boranes possess these requisite Example 4 p p A plastisol was prepared consisting of 100 parts poly- It has been discovered, Pursuant to the Present vinyl chloride plastisol resin, 50 parts dioctyl phthalate. vention, that many stains are readily removed using only d 50 parts idi b id parts being by weight. a dilute Solution of a borane, for instance, Pyiidihe This preparation, in the form of a paste, was spread. borane the Vapor of the Py botenesome difii on aluminum foil and fused at 138 degrees C. formchit-to-remove Stains, however, require the application of ing a strong flexible vinyl film in which the plasticizer the borane at full strength. In certain cases, it was was the mixture f dioctyl phthalate and idi bor. found that pure pyridine borane sometimes causes unarm The fil was tested by pressing against a d. due Swelling 0f the Polymeric material and tends to ard vinyl sheet, as referred to in part (a) of Example 2, result in a marred Surface appearance The Present which had been stained by lipstick and spaghetti sauce. vention provides procedures for vercoming t difii Both stains were completely removed after 4 days of 50 that horahes, Such as Py borane, can he treatment. This test was conducted at room temperpp Without Swelling of marring the Polymeric ature. At an elevated temperature, stain removal could terial, for instance, a vinyl plastic. be accomplished in a much shorter time. Thus, at 60 The following examples are illustrative of various emdegrees C., comparable stain removal results were obbodiments of the practice of the present invention and, mi d i 1 t 2 hours itho t swelling or marring of, since various changes may be made in the light of the th surface f th plastic sheet. guiding principles and teachings contained herein, it will E l 5 be understood that they are not to .be construed in any xamp e way as limitative of my invention. 2 grams of vinyl chloride plastisol resin and 1 gram of pyridine borane were mixed to form a paste. This Example 1 mixture was spread on aluminum foil and fused to form A polyvinyl chloride plasti Was stained with a tria Coatihg- This Was done by using a hot air blast fr m phenylrnethane dye (Victoria Blue). A dilute solution a C White plastlclzed vinyl foam of pyridine borane in methanol was applied to the blue Previously st'amed Wlth hpstlek pmssed .agamst the stained plastic. The stain was completely removed withcoating followed by a hot water i Thls pioduced out harmful efiect on the plastic. almost complete removal of the stain. The coating was 40 then pressed against the sllghtly stained foam for 20 min- Example 2 utes in a 60 degrees C. oven, the foam becoming com- (a) A standard vinyl sheet, the composition of which Pletely white Wlthout marring the surface. comprised, in terms of parts by weight, 100 parts poly- Example 6 Vinyl Chloride (Goodrich GeOIl 50 P The same foam used in Example 5 was stained with OCtYi Phthaiate, 5 Parts titanium Pigment (TitahOX Parker T-Ball Blue Ballpoint pen ink, and the borane 10 z) 311d 1 P orgahotih Stabilizer (Metal & Thefplasticized resin was pressed against the stained foam mit Thermolite 31), was selected. It was then soaked f 5 minutes at room t r Removal of the 1 hour in full Strength Py borane t0 dithlse stain was complete, without marring the surface. said borane uniformly into the body of the sheet. since various triphenylmethane dyes are af f 1 A Piece Of the thus Soaked impregnated P 3 man consumption and are, therefore, widely used as color- Vihyi Chloride Sheet Was then Pieced against a badly ing agents in foods, beverages and cosmetics, a number Stained area of a Sheet of polyvinyl chloride p The of additional examples was carried out wherein tripheuyl- Stain Was removed completely in 24 hours Without y methane dyes were treated with a 4% solution of pyridine adverse eitect Oh the Polyvinyl Chloride Sheet Such as borane in methanol. Other commercial dyes were simitended to occur when full strength borane was applied larly treated. Example 7 shows, in table form, the effects directly to the stained sheet. This procedure, using obtained.

Example 7 Dye Type Removal of Color Malachite Green Oxalate Triphenylmethane Complete in 30 minutes. Leeben Color dz Chemical Red 13582 do Do. Sterwin Chemical Parakeet FD&C Blue #1.. .do Do. Sterwm Chemical Parakeet FD&C Blue #1 L do Complete in 24 hours. General Dyestufi Violamine RD CF Xanthenc-Phthalein Partial in 78 hours. Rhodamme B Xanthene Poor at 74 hours. National Aniline Sulfur Brilliant Orange GR Sulfur 001'. General Dyestufi Sudan Orange RA Azo PhenoL. Do. Aminoazobenzene Hydrochloride- Azo Amine Do. Ciba Blue 2-BDM C.I. Vat Blue 5 Indigo Vat Dye Do. Ciba Cibalan Bordeaux RL C.I. Acid Violet 71 Cationic Do. Profiavine Acridine Do.

borane impregnated stain removing sheets or patches, is ideally suited for removing stains from badly stained plastics without injury to the plastic.

5 little or no effect on most other types. Hence, pyridine aeaii i borane can be safely used on materials containing various other dyes as coloring agents.

Example 8 A variety of inks of the ballpoint types were applied to the surface of standard white plasticized vinyl sheet, as disclosed in part (a) of Example 2, and allowed to soak into the vinyl sheet for 16 hours. The surface was then wiped clean with isopropanol, leaving stain within the interior of the vinyl sheet. The ink stains were first treated with a 1% solution of pyridine borane dissolved in isopropanol. After evaporation of the solvent, the stain removal eflt'ect was observed. In cases where the dilute solution was inadequately effective, pure pyridine borane was then used on the stained sheet and allowed to soak in. The results of the tests are as follows:

6 Example 11 The effectiveness of the stain removers embodying the present invention was tested on cigarette stains which, as is well known, are particularly damaging to vinyl flooring, upholstery, tablecloths and the like. Standard white plasticized vinyl sheet material was stained by cigarettes, and pure pyridine borane was applied to the surface and allowed to penetrate into the sheet with the following results observed:

(1) A lighted cigarette was held very close to the vinyl sheet, producing a yellow stain, which was removed completely in 1 minute by pure pyridine borane.

(2) A smoked cigarette filter was wrapped in the vinyl Stain Removal Results by Pyridine Borane Ink Stain 1% solution Pure Fisher Blue Ballpoint Deep Blue Green'Yellowll day White/21101118 Paper-mate Blue Ballpoint.-. Light Pink/Light Blue Light Orange/1 day Do. Parker T-Ball Blue Ballpoint Purple White/2 hours Scripto 700 Blue Ballpoint Slight Do. Scripto Tale-Gauge Blue Ballpoint--- Yellow/l day- White/1 day. Waterman SLC-l Blue Ballpoint- P White/2 hours Example 9 The effects of the boranes on various types of lipstick Were also tested. The various lipsticks were smeared on the standard white plasticized vinyl sheet described above sheet and oven-aged 17 hours at 60 degrees C. producing a brownstain. The stain was removed completely by pure pyridine borane in 1 minute.

(3) A burning paper match was extinguished against and left 16 hours to allow the stain to set. The surface the vinyl sheet Producing a yellow'brown Stain- This was wiped clean with isopropanol, leaving an internal was Partly removed by P y f boran? m 1 stain on the sheet. The stain was treated with a 1% solu- These tests lemonstrale Py bofalls 1S Capable of tion of pyridine borane in isopropanol; where the dilute fully essefltlally fully removlflg clgafette Slams m solution was inadequately elfective, pure pyridine borane 40 vinyl plastics; and is reasonably effective even against fullwas used with the results tabulated below: scale burns.

Lipstick Stain Removal Results by Pyridine Borane Stain Manufacturer Shade 1%[24 hours Pure Coty Compatible Red 54.-." White/17 hours.

Honeysuckle Pink 54 White/4 days.

Tangerine 56 p 0 g White/l7 hours. Cutex Bold Coral Pale Orange White/4 days.

Bright Ora Pale Yellow-Orange Very Pale Yellow 0.

Clear Red Pale Pink-Orange Very Faint Orangenfl White/17 hours.

Hot Strawberry Pale Orange Pale Piuk/Orange Do.

Pink from Paris Pale Violet-Orange." Pink White/4 days. DuBarry Pink is for Girls. Pale Orange-Violet.- White/17 hours. Revlon Certainly Red T72 Yellow-Orange White/4 days.

Cherries ala Mode T53- Red-Orange-VioleL-.. P Do.

Fifth Avenue Red T54" Orange Orange D0.

Example 10 Example 12 Standard white plasticized vinyl sheets were stained with Various tests were conducted on vinyl foams of different a variety of food stains and, after washing the stained area, pure pyridine borane was spread on the surface with surface, pattern, and color to determine whether or not the borane stain remover would adversely affect the vinyl the following stain removal eifects observed: color. In making these tests, different vmyls were stained Food Imersion Stain Stain Removal Results by Pyridine Borane Tea brewed l bag/ cc- Brown-Yellow Complete/60 minutes. ofiee Tan Complete/10 minutes. Tomato Juice. Faint Red-Yellow. Complete/2O minutes. Tomato Sauce. do Do. Spaghetti Sauce Deep Red-Orange Complete/6O minutes. Frenchs Mustard- Bright Greenish-Yellowo. Guldens Mustard Dull Yellow Complete/20 minutes.

7 with lipstick, specifically Coty Tangerine 56. The following is a list of vinyl materials tested:

Boltafiex 200 Alpine White 2658 DCG Boltaflex 200 Cream 2674 DCG Boltaflex 400-L Old Gold 8156 W-M Boltaflex 400-L Snow White 8210 W-NP Boltafiex 400-L Medium Loden Green 9099-W-NP Boltafiex 400-T Snow White 8755 Boltaflex 400-T Snow White 8801 In all these tests pyridine borane completely removed the lipstick stain without adversely affecting the original color of the vinyl material.

Example 13 Tests were conducted using a borane on vinyl and rubber floor tile. Lipstick stained floor tiles were cleaned using pure pyridine borane; the stains were completely removed in 30-40 minutes.

Example 14 Example 15 A variety of amine boranes and borohydrides was tested by applying the same in dilute 1% solutions or in pure form on stains caused by triphenylmethane dyes,

ble in the polymer and/ or plasticizer of the stained mate= rial. They can also be applied in vapor form or as a stain removing sheet or patch impregnated with a borane. Auxiliary means, for instance, light can be utilized to enhance the stain-removing properties of the amine boranes and borohydrides in certain environments.

What is claimed is:

1. A method of removing stains from a polymeric material including a polymer component and plasticizer component which comprises applying to the stained area a primary amine borane soluble in one of said components forming said material, for a period of time to effect removal of stains, said primary amine borane selected from the group consisting of monomethyl amine borane, monoethyl amine borane, monopropyl amine borane, monoiso propyl amine borane, monobutyl amine borane, monoisobutyl amine borane, monoethanolamine borane,.benzyl amine borane, ethylenediamine borane, dodecyl amine borane and cyclohexyl amine borane.

2. A method of removing stains from a polymeric material including a polymer component and plasticizer component which comprises applying to the stained area a secondary amine borane soluble in one of said components forming said material, for a period of time to effect 1 removal of stains, said secondary amine borane being selected from the group consisting of dirnethyl amine borane, diethyl amine borane, dipropyl amine borane, di-

' isopropyl amine borane, dibutyl amine borane, diisobutyl amine borane and diethanolamine borane.

3. A method of removing stains from a polymeric material including a polymer component and plasticizer cornponent which comprises applying to the stained area a tertiary amine borane soluble in one of said components forming said material, for a period of time to elfect re- The polymeric materials from which stains can be removed, in accordance with the present invention, can be selected from a wide group including, by way of illustration, polystyrenes, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene chloride, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate-butyrate, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chlorideacetate copolymers, and the like. The invention is especially useful for the removal of stains from vinyl plastics or resins generally, and particularly from polyvinyl chloride resins and plastics.

From the overall standpoint of versatility and effectiveness, pyridine borane is the amine borane of choice. Other amine boranes while, to be sure, are useful for the purposes of the present invention, are, generally speaking, at least in relation to the numerous tests which were'run, somewhat slower or less complete in their action. They are not only generally useful but, in relation to particular stains, may be even more effective than pyridine borane. The borohydrides are also effective although, generally speaking, slower and less complete in their stain-removing action than pyridine borane.

In summary, it will be seen that this invention relates to the removal of stains from a number of materials and is particularly useful where the stains have migrated into the body of plasticized polymeric material. Such stains can be removed using boranes and borohydrides advantageously either applied in liquid form, or in solution soluballpoint pen ink and lipstick. 35 moval of stains, said tertiary amine borane being selected Candidate Stain Removal Agent Concentration Stain Lotisattion of Removal of Stain ,Boranes:

Pyridine Borane 1% in Methanol Triphenylmethane Dye Vinyl Sheet. Complete. Dimethylamine B0rane do do Dye Solut1on Complete, Slow.

t-Butylamine Borane do Vmyl Sheet. Complete. Gallery Alamine 336 Borane T'ipstivlr do Partial/2 weeks. il l lfi l l l d'd H d t B8 d o 11;]2 i

e a y n es y nqua Blue Ballpoint Pen Ink 0 omp e e wee's. gy fiz fgg gf Ammomum 100% Lip .d0 Partial/2 weeks. Sodium Borohydride 5% in Isopropanol... 'ilggfig Pen 1:238 gfe from the group consisting of trimethyl amine borane, triethyl amine borane, tripropyl amine borane, triisopropyl amine borane, tributyl amine borane and triisobutyl amide borane.

4. A method of removing stains from a polymeric, material which comprises applying to the stained area a 5. A method of removing stains from a plasticized 1 polymeric material which comprises applying to the stained area a heterocyclic material soluble in at least the plasticizer component of said material, for a period of time to effect removal of stains, said heterocyclic material selected from the group consisting of pyridine borane,

methyl pyridine borane, dirnethyl pyridine borane, ethyl pyridine borane, diethyl pyridine borane, propyl pyridine borane, isopropyl pyridine borane and butyl pyridine borane.

6. A method of removing stains from a polymeric material including a polymer component and a plasticizer" component which comprises applying to the stained area a borohydride soluble in at least one of said components 9 forming said material, for a period of time to eficct removal of stains, said borohydride selected frmjhe group consisting of sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride and lithium borohydride.

7. A method of removing stains from a polymeric material including a polymer component and a plasticizer component which comprises applying to the stained area a borohydride soluble in at least one of said components forming said material, for a period of time to effect removal of stains, said borohydride being selected from the group consisting of tetramethyl ammonium borohydride, tetraethyl ammonium borohydride, tetra-isopropyl ammonium borohydride and benzyl trimethyl ammonium borohydride.

8. A method of removing subsurface stains from a polymeric material which comprises plasticizing a polymeric sheet material with a pyridine amine borane, placing the plasticized sheet material in surface-to-surface contact with the stained area of said material, and maintaining said contact for sufficient time to enable the pyridine amine borane to migrate into said material and to react with the staining matter.

9. A stain remover for polymeric materials comprising a vinyl sheet material impregnated With a primary amine borane selected from the group consisting of monomethyl amine borane, monoethyl amine borane, monopropyl amine borane, monoisopropyl amine borane, monobutyl amine borane, monoisobutyl amine borane, monoethanolamine borane, benzyl amine borane, ethylenediamine borane, dodecyl amine borane and cyclohexyl amine borane.

10. A stain remover for polymeric materials comprising a vinyl sheet material impregnated with a secondary amine borane selected from the group consisting of dimethyl amine borane, diethyl amine borane, dipropyl amine borane, diisopropyl amine borane, dibutyl amine borane, diisobutyl amine borane and diethanolamine borane. V

11. A stain remover for polymeric materials comprising a vinyl sheet material impregnated With a tertiary amine borane selected from the group consisting of trimethyl amine borane, triethyl amine borane, tripropyl amine borane, triisopropyl amine borane, tributyl amine borane and triisobutyl amine borane.

12. A stain remover for polymeric materials comprising a vinyl sheet material impregnated with a heterocyclic material selected from the group consisting of pyridine borane, methyl pyridine borane, dimethyl pyridine borane, ethyl pyridine borane, diethyl pyridine borane, propyl pyridine borane, isopropyl pyridine borane and butyl pyridine borane.

13. A stain remover for polymeric materials comprising a vinyl sheet material impregnated with a borohydride selected from the group consisting of sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride and lithium borohydride.

14. A stain remover for polymeric materials comprising a vinyl sheet material impregnated With a borohydride selected from the group consisting of tetramethyl ammonium borohydride, tetraethyl ammonium borohydride, tetraisopropyl ammonium borohydride and benzyl trimethyl ammonium borohydride.

15. A stain remover for polymeric materials comprising a vinyl chloride polymer impregnated with pyridine borane.

16. A stain remover for polymeric materials comprising a vinyl chloride polymer impregnated with a borane corresponding to the formula:

MBH4

where M is a member selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and tetramethyl, tetraethyl, tetra-isopropyl, and benzyl trimethyl ammonium radicals.

No references cited.

SAMUEL H. BLECH, Primary Examiner.

LEON D. ROSDOL, Examiner. S. E. I )AR DEN, Assistant Examiner.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No 3 ,296 ,l44 January 3 1967 Roy A. White It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 2, lines 15 and 16, for "monoethyl" read monomethyl column 5 in the third table heading to the second column, for "Imersion" read Immersion column 8, line 52, for "amide" read amine column 9, line 2, for "frm" read from Signed and sealed this 18th day of February 1969.

(SEAL) Attest:

Edward M. Fletcher, Jr. EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents 

1. A METHOD OF REMOVING STAINS FROM A POLYMERIC MATERIAL INCLUDING A POLYMER COMPONENT AND PLASTICIZER COMPONENT WHICH COMPRISES APPLYING TO THE STAINED AREA A PRIMARY AMINE BORANE SOLUBLE IN ONE OF SAID COMPONENTS FORMING SAID MATERIAL, FOR A PERIOD OF TIME TO EFFECT REMOVAL OF STAINS, SAID PRIMARY AMINE BORANE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF MONOMETHYL AMINE BORANE, MONOETHYL AMINE BORANE, MONOPROPYL AMINE BORANE, MONOISOPROPYL AMINE BORANE, MONOBUTYL AMINE BORANE, MONOISOBUTYL AMINE BORANE, MONOETHANOLAMINE BORANE, BENZYL AMINE BORANE, ETHYLENEDIAMINE BORANE, DODECYL AMINE BORANE AND CYCLOHEXYL AMINE BORANE.
 6. A METHOD OF REMOVING STAINS FROM A POLYMERIC MATERIAL INCLUDING A POLYMER COMPONENT AND A PLASTICIZER COMPONENT WHICH COMPRISES APPLYING TO THE STAINED AREA A BOROHYDRIDE SOLUBLE IN AT LEAST ONE OF SAID COMPONENTS FORMING SAID MATERIAL, FOR A PERIOD OF TIME TO EFFECT REMOVAL OF STAINS, SAID BOROHYDRIDE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE, POTASSIUM BOROHYDRIDE AND LITHIUM BOROHYDRIDE.
 12. A STAIN REMOVER FOR POLYMERIC MATERIALS COMPRISING A VINYL SHEET MATERIAL IMPREGNATED WITH A HETEROCYCLIC MATERIAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PYRIDINE BORANE, METHYL PYRIDINE BORANE, DIMETHYL PYRIDINE BORANE, ETHYL PYRIDINE BORANE, DIETHYL PYRIDINE BORANE, PROPYL PYRIDINE BORANE, ISOPROPYL PYRIDINE BORANE AND BUTYL PYRIDINE BORANE. 